🌐 CBDC
I. Brief Introduction 一、简单介绍
A burgeoning number of central banks are now forging ahead with plans to launch their own Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC).
越来越多的中央银行正在推进推出自己的中央银行数字货币（CBDC）的计划。
A Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) embodies a digital version of a nation's fiat currency, issued and governed by its central bank.
中央银行数字货币（CBDC）体现了一个国家法定货币的数字版本，由其中央银行发行和管理。
These digital currencies are poised to herald a transformative change in the monetary landscape, arguably the most significant since the advent of physical cash.
这些数字货币有望预示着货币格局的变革，这可以说是自实物现金出现以来最重大的变化。
They hold the promise of bolstering financial inclusion, streamlining settlement processes, and facilitating cross-border transactions, all whilst mitigating costs for consumers.
它们承诺促进金融包容性、简化结算流程并促进跨境交易，同时降低消费者的成本。
In simple terms, CBDC stands for Central Bank Digital Currency. It is a digital currency issued and managed by a country's central bank. Equivalent to traditional cash, CBDC is typically stored and exchanged electronically, often using blockchain or similar technologies.
简单来说，CBDC 是中央银行数字货币的简称，是由一国中央银行发行和管理的数字货币。它相当于传统现金，但通常通过使用区块链或类似技术以电子方式存储和交换。
II. Features 二、特征
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Financial Inclusion: Bringing unbanked and underbanked populations into the formal financial ecosystem.
金融包容性：将无银行账户和银行服务不足的人群带入正式的金融生态系统。
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Efficiency and Security: Offering potentially quicker, cheaper, and more secure payment systems.
效率和安全性：提供可能更快、更便宜、更安全的支付系统。
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Monetary Policy Execution: Providing new tools for effective monetary policy execution and transmission.
货币政策执行：为有效的货币政策执行和传导提供新工具。
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Counteracting Private Digital Currencies: Addressing the rise of private digital currencies with a regulated, reliable alternative.
对抗私人数字货币：通过受监管、可靠的替代方案来应对私人数字货币的崛起。
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Economic Growth: Facilitating economic growth through streamlined transactions and cost reductions.
经济增长：通过简化交易和降低成本促进经济增长。
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Transparency and Combatting Illegal Activities: With the right privacy safeguards, CBDCs could enhance transparency in financial transactions, aiding in the combat against illicit activities.
透明度和打击非法活动：有了正确的隐私保护措施，CBDC 可以提高金融交易的透明度，有助于打击非法活动。
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Digital Financial Innovation: CBDCs open doors for innovative financial services such as smart contracts and programmable money, facilitating integration with online financial services.
数字金融创新：为创新金融服务（如智能合约和可编程货币）开辟了道路，促进了与在线金融服务的集成。
III. Compare 三、对比
| Feature 特点 | Cryptocurrency 加密货币 | CBDC | Traditional Fiat Money 传统法定货币 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Form 形式 | Digital 数字形式 | Digital 数字形式 | Physical 物理形式 |
| Backing 背书 | Trust in the network protocol; Not backed by a government or central authority 信任网络协议；没有政府或中央机构的支持 | Backed by the central bank 受央行支持 | Backed by the central bank 受央行支持 |
| Centralization 中心化程度 | Decentralized 去中心化 | Centralized 中心化 | Centralized 中心化 |
| Control 监管 | No central control 无中央控制 | Controlled by the central bank 由中央银行控制 | Controlled by the central bank 由中央银行控制 |
| Legal Tender 法定货币 | No (in most countries) 否（在大多数国家/地区） | Yes | Yes |
| Value and Stability 价值与稳定性 | Volatile; Value determined by Supply & Demand 易挥发的；价值由供需决定 | More stable; Value determined by market and regulation 更稳定；价值由市场和监管决定 | More stable; Value determined by market and regulation 更稳定；价值由市场和监管决定 |
| Feature 特点 | Cryptocurrency 加密货币 | CBDC | Traditional Fiat Money 传统法定货币 |
| Form 形式 | Digital 数字形式 | Digital 数字形式 | Physical 物理形式 |
| Backing 背书 | Trust in the network protocol; Not backed by a government or central authority 信任网络协议；没有政府或中央机构的支持 | Backed by the central bank 受央行支持 | Backed by the central bank 受央行支持 |
| Centralization 中心化程度 | Decentralized 去中心化 | Centralized 中心化 | Centralized 中心化 |
| Control 监管 | No central control 无中央控制 | Controlled by the central bank 由中央银行控制 | Controlled by the central bank 由中央银行控制 |
| Legal Tender 法定货币 | No (in most countries) 否（在大多数国家/地区） | Yes | Yes |
| Value and Stability 价值与稳定性 | Volatile; Value determined by Supply & Demand 易挥发的；价值由供需决定 | More stable; Value determined by market and regulation 更稳定；价值由市场和监管决定 | More stable; Value determined by market and regulation 更稳定；价值由市场和监管决定 |